639 research outputs found
Evaluation of the Scrub Practitioners' List of Intraoperative Non-Technical Skills (SPLINTS) system
Peer reviewedPostprin
Pattern Avoidance in Task-Precedence Posets
We have extended classical pattern avoidance to a new structure: multiple
task-precedence posets whose Hasse diagrams have three levels, which we will
call diamonds. The vertices of each diamond are assigned labels which are
compatible with the poset. A corresponding permutation is formed by reading
these labels by increasing levels, and then from left to right. We used Sage to
form enumerative conjectures for the associated permutations avoiding
collections of patterns of length three, which we then proved. We have
discovered a bijection between diamonds avoiding 132 and certain generalized
Dyck paths. We have also found the generating function for descents, and
therefore the number of avoiders, in these permutations for the majority of
collections of patterns of length three. An interesting application of this
work (and the motivating example) can be found when task-precedence posets
represent warehouse package fulfillment by robots, in which case avoidance of
both 231 and 321 ensures we never stack two heavier packages on top of a
lighter package.Comment: 17 page
Teaching the Past and the Present
Volume 1, Number 1, October, 1934
A report of informal discussions on curriculum by teachers of nine- and ten-year-old children.https://educate.bankstreet.edu/sixty-nine-bank-street/1000/thumbnail.jp
Harriet M. Johnson: Pioneer 1867-1934
Harriet Johnson\u27s life and work as described by her long time colleague Lucy Sprague Mitchell.https://educate.bankstreet.edu/books/1008/thumbnail.jp
Social Studies and Geography (1934)
Lucy Sprague Mitchell muses upon the meaning of each of the title words separately and then together providing insight into how children learn best -- by doing. Discusses Mitchell\u27s concepts of human geography and how school trips promote students\u27 understanding of their world.https://educate.bankstreet.edu/thinkers/1005/thumbnail.jp
Young Geographers: How They Explore the World and How They Map the World [4th ed.]
Lucy Sprague Mitchell\u27s thesis is that through their own experiences children can learn geography, and that through geography children can learn about the human world. -- Foreward.https://educate.bankstreet.edu/books/1011/thumbnail.jp
Generating Natural Questions About an Image
There has been an explosion of work in the vision & language community during
the past few years from image captioning to video transcription, and answering
questions about images. These tasks have focused on literal descriptions of the
image. To move beyond the literal, we choose to explore how questions about an
image are often directed at commonsense inference and the abstract events
evoked by objects in the image. In this paper, we introduce the novel task of
Visual Question Generation (VQG), where the system is tasked with asking a
natural and engaging question when shown an image. We provide three datasets
which cover a variety of images from object-centric to event-centric, with
considerably more abstract training data than provided to state-of-the-art
captioning systems thus far. We train and test several generative and retrieval
models to tackle the task of VQG. Evaluation results show that while such
models ask reasonable questions for a variety of images, there is still a wide
gap with human performance which motivates further work on connecting images
with commonsense knowledge and pragmatics. Our proposed task offers a new
challenge to the community which we hope furthers interest in exploring deeper
connections between vision & language.Comment: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for
Computational Linguistic
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Trauma Early Mortality Prediction Tool (TEMPT) for assessing 28-day mortality.
Background:Prior mortality prediction models have incorporated severity of anatomic injury quantified by Abbreviated Injury Severity Score (AIS). Using a prospective cohort, a new score independent of AIS was developed using clinical and laboratory markers present on emergency department presentation to predict 28-day mortality. Methods:All patients (n=1427) enrolled in an ongoing prospective cohort study were included. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data were recorded on admission. True random number generator technique divided the cohort into derivation (n=707) and validation groups (n=720). Using Youden indices, threshold values were selected for each potential predictor in the derivation cohort. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors. Significant variables were equally weighted to create a new mortality prediction score, the Trauma Early Mortality Prediction Tool (TEMPT) score. Area under the curve (AUC) was tested in the validation group. Pairwise comparison of Trauma Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Revised Trauma Score, Glasgow Coma Scale, and Injury Severity Score were tested against the TEMPT score. Results:There was no difference between baseline characteristics between derivation and validation groups. In multiple logistic regression, a model with presence of traumatic brain injury, increased age, elevated systolic blood pressure, decreased base excess, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, increased international normalized ratio (INR), and decreased temperature accurately predicted mortality at 28 days (AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.96, P<0.001). In the validation cohort, this score, termed TEMPT, predicted 28-day mortality with an AUC 0.94 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.97). The TEMPT score preformed similarly to the revised TRISS score for severely injured patients and was highly predictive in those having mild to moderate injury. Discussion:TEMPT is a simple AIS-independent mortality prediction tool applicable very early following injury. TEMPT provides an AIS-independent score that could be used for early identification of those at risk of doing poorly following even minor injury. Level of evidence:Level II
Non-technical skills of the scrub practitioner: the SPLINTS system.
This article describes the nontechnical skill set, and behavioural rating tool, for scrub practitioners/nurses (e.g. perioperative registered nurses; operating room technicians) known as the Scrub Practitioners' List of Intraoperative Non Technical Skills or the SPLINTS system. The SPLINTS system was developed at the Industrial Psychology Research Centre of the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, by a research team comprising psychologists, scrub nurses, and a surgeon. Details of the system were presented, by Rhona Flin, at the ORNAC National and International Conference with IFPN, in Ottawa, in April of 2013. This article outlines the background of the research project and the method used to develop the SPLINTS system and suggests why it might be a valuable training and assessment tool for scrub practitioners in Canada
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